Изворни код странице Alphabet

{{also|Alphabet}}
{{-en-}}

{{-etim-|en}}

<div>From {{inh|en|enm|alphabete}}, borrowed from {{der|en|LL.|alphabētum}}, from {{der|en|grc|ἀλφάβητος}}, from {{m|grc|ἄλφα}} and {{m|grc|βῆτα}}, the names of the first two letters of the [[Greek alphabet]], {{m|grc|Α}} and {{m|grc|Β}}, lowercase forms {{m|grc|α|tr=-}} and {{m|grc|β|tr=-}}. The Greek names derived from {{m|en|aleph}}, the name of the {{der|en|phn|-}} letter {{m|phn|𐤀||ox}} and {{m|en|beth}}, the name of the letter {{m|phn|𐤁||house}}, so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs <hiero>F1</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓃾}}) and <hiero>pr</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓉐}}).</div> {{doublet|en|alfabeto}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈæl.fə.bɛt/}}
* {{qualifier|uncommon}} {{IPA|en|/ˈæl.fə.bɪt/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-alphabet.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{hyphenation|en|al|pha|bet}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# The set of [[letter]]s used when writing in a [[language]].
#: {{ux|en|The Greek '''alphabet''' has only twenty-four letters.}}
#: {{ux|en|In the first year of school, pupils are taught to recite the '''alphabet'''.}}
# A [[writing system]] in which [[letter]]s represent [[phoneme]]s. {{qualifier|Contrast e.g. ''[[logography]]'', a writing system in which each character represents a word, and ''[[syllabary]]'', in which each character represents a syllable.}}
## A [[writing system]] in which there are [[letter]]s for the [[consonant]] ''and'' [[vowel]] [[phoneme]]s. {{qualifier|Contrast e.g. ''[[abjad]]''.}}
# {{lb|en|computer science}} A typically [[finite]] [[set]] of distinguishable [[symbol]]s.
#: {{ux|en|Let <math>L</math> be a regular language over the '''alphabet''' <math>\Sigma</math>.}}
# {{lb|en|India|Hong Kong|Singapore|Malaysia}} An individual [[letter]] of an alphabet; an alphabetic character.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2002|author=Eugene E. Dike|title=African myth of creation in African form of writing|publisher=Monsenstein und Vannerdat|isbn=3936600406|page=30|passage=We realize the fact that the '''alphabet''' A has been used in many world scripts as a vowel with the others AEIOU.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2005|author=Satinder Bal Gupta|title=Comprehensive Discrete Mathematics & Structures|publisher=Laxmi Publications|page=237|passage=There are 26 '''alphabets''' in English.}}
# The [[simplest]] [[rudiment]]s; [[element]]s.
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1828|author=w:Thomas Babington Macaulay|title=The Constitutional History of England: From the Accession of Henry VII, to the Death of George II, by Henry Hallam|work=The Edinburgh Review|volume=18|passage=The very '''alphabet''' of our law.}}
# {{lb|en|Internet slang|political}} An agent of the [[FBI]], the [[CIA]], or another such government agency.

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|ABC}}, {{l|en|absey}}

====Hypernyms====
* {{sense|linguistics}} {{l|en|signary}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|en|collapse=0
|[[alphanumeric]][[alphanumerical|(-al)]] <small>{{q|by clipping}}</small>
|alphabetarian
|[[alphabeted]] {{q|adj.}}
|[[alphabetic]][[alphabetical|(-al)]] → [[alphabetically]], [[multialphabetic|multi-]], [[polyalphabetic|poly-]], [[prealphabetic]]
|alphabetiform
|alphabetism
|alphabetitis
|[[alphabetize]] / [[alphabetise|-ise]]
|alphabetlike
|multialphabet
|semi-alphabet
}}
{{col4|en|title=Expressions with language/script names|collapse=0
|[[Arabic alphabet]] <small>{{q|redirecting to [[Arabic script|Ar. script]]}}</small>
|[[Cyrillic alphabet]] <small>{{q|redirecting to [[Cyrillic#Proper noun|Cyrillic]]}}</small>
|Devanagari alphabet
|Glagolitic alphabet
|Gothic alphabet
|Greek alphabet
|Latin alphabet
|[[Proto-Canaanite alphabet|Proto-Canaanite al.]]<!-- for compactness-->
|Roman alphabet
|Morse alphabet|international phonetic alphabet}}
{{col4|en|title=Expressions with other terms|collapse=0
|alphabet agency
|alphabet book
|alphabet boy
|alphabet mafia
|alphabet of desire
|alphabet soup
|Euclidean alphabet
|finger alphabet
|[[Fraser alphabet]] <small>{{q|synonym of [[Fraser script]]}}</small>
|[[ICAO spelling alphabet|ICAO spelling alph.]]<!-- for compactness-->
|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|Int’l Phonetic Alph.]]<!-- for compactness-->
|manual alphabet
|movable alphabet|moveable alphabet
|[[NATO phonetic alphabet|NATO phonetic alph.]]<!-- for compactness-->
|phonetic alphabet
|[[phonetic spelling alphabet|phonetic spelling al.]]<!-- for compactness-->
|Raguileo alphabet
|Shavian alphabet
|Theban alphabet
|spelling alphabet
|weighted alphabet
|Zhuyin alphabet
}}

====Related terms====
{{col3|en
|[[alphabetary]] {{q|obsolete}}
|alphabetician
|analphabet
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|an ordered set of letters used in a language}}
* Abkhaz: {{t|ab|алфавит}}
* Adyghe: {{t|ady|тхыпкъылъэ}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|alfabet}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|alfabet|m}}
* Alemannic German: {{t|gsw|Alphabet}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ፊደል}}
* Apache:
*: Western Apache: {{t|apw|biabcʼhíí}} {{qualifier|their alphabet}}, {{t|apw|abcʼhí}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حُرُوف الْهِجَاء|m-p}}, {{t+|ar|أَبْجَد|m}}, {{t|ar|أَلِفْبَاء|m}}, {{t|ar|أَلِفْبَائِيَّة|f}}, {{t|ar|أَبْجَدِيَّة|f}}
* Aramaic: {{t|arc|ܐܠܦܒܝܬ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|այբուբեն}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|বৰ্ণমালা}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|alfabetu|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|əlifba}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|әлифба}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|alfabeto}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|алфаві́т|m}}, {{t|be|а́збука|f}}, {{t|be|альфабэ́т|m}}, {{t|be|абяца́дла|f}}, {{t|be|абэцэ́да|f}} {{qualifier|Latin alphabet}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|বর্ণমালা}}
* Bikol Central: {{t|bcl|alpabeto}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|lizherenneg|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|а́збука|f}}, {{t|bg|алфави́та|f}} {{qualifier|dated}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အက္ခရာ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|alfabet|m}}, {{t+|ca|abecedari|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Dungan: {{t|dng|зыму}}, {{t|dng|элифбе}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|字母|tr=zìmǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|字母表|tr=zìmǔbiǎo}}, {{t|cmn|字母系統|tr=zìmǔ xìtǒng}}
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|алфавит}}
* Cornish: {{t|kw|lytherennek|f}}, {{t|kw|abecedari|m}}
* Corsican: {{t+|co|alfabetu|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|abeceda|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|alfabet|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{t|dv|އަލިފުބާ}}
* Dinka: {{t|din|kïndegɔ̈t}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|ABC|n}}, {{t+|nl|alfabet|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|alfabeto}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|tähestik}}, {{t+|et|alfabeet}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|bókstavarað|n}}, {{t|fo|stavrað|n}}, {{t|fo|stavarað|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|aakkoset|p}}, {{t+|fi|aakkosto}}, {{t|fi|aakkosisto}}
* French: {{t+|fr|alphabet|m}}
* Gagauz: {{t|gag|alfavit}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|alfabeto|m}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|ანბანი}}
* German: {{t+|de|ABC|n}}, {{t+|de|Alphabet|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αλφάβητο|n}}, {{t+|el|αλφαβήτα|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἀλφάβητος|m}}
* Greenlandic: {{t|kl|alfabet}}, {{t|kl|oqaasiliuutissat}}, {{t|kl|qanermissarissat}}
* Guaraní: {{t|gn|achegety}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|abese}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אָלֶף־בֵּית|m|tr=alef-bét}}, {{t+|he|אָלֶפְבֵּית|m|tr=alefbét}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|वर्णमाला|f}}, {{t|hi|मूलाक्षर|m}}, {{t+|hi|अक्षरमाला|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|ábécé}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|stafróf|n}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|alfabeto}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|abjad}}, {{t+|id|alfabet}}, {{t+|id|aksara}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|alphabeto}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|aibítir|f}}, {{t|ga|aibidil|f}}
*: Old Irish: {{t|sga|apgitir|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|alfabeto|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|アルファベット|tr=arufabetto}} {{q|often of Roman and other foreign alphabets}}, {{t+|ja|文字|tr=もじ, moji}}
* Javanese: {{t+|jv|aksara}}, {{t|jv|alfabèt}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|әліпби}}, {{t|kk|әліппе}}, {{t+|kk|алфавит}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|អក្ខរក្រម}}, {{t+|km|អក្សរ}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|알파벳}} {{q|often of Roman and other foreign alphabets}}, {{t+|ko|문자(文字)}}, {{t+|ko|음소문자(音素文字)}}
* Kumyk: {{t|kum|алифба}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|alfabe}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|алфавит}}, {{t+|ky|алиппе}}
* Lakota: {{t|lkt|oówaptaya}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ໂຕຫນັງສື}}, {{t|lo|ແມ່ກໍກາ}}, {{t|lo|ອັກສອນ}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|alphabetum|n}}, {{t+|la|abecedārium|n}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|alfabēts|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|abėcėlė|f}}, {{t+|lt|alphabet|m}}, {{t|lt|alfabetas|m}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|Alphabet|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|азбука|f}}
* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|abidy}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|abjad}}, {{t+|ms|huruf}}, {{t+|ms|aksara}}
*: Jawi: {{t|ms|ابجد}}, {{t|ms|حروف}}, {{t|ms|اکسارا}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|അക്ഷരമാല}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|alfabet}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|abbyrlhit}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tātai reta}}, {{t|mi|arapū}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|मुळाक्षरे}}, {{t|mr|वर्णमाला}}
* Middle Dutch: {{t-needed|dum}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|abece}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|mn|цагаан толгой}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|saad bee álʼíní}}, {{t|nv|áábée}}
* Nepali: {{t|ne|वर्णमाला}}
* Northern Sami: {{t|se|alfabēhta}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|abc}}, {{t+|no|alfabet|n}}
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|alfabet|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|alfabet|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|alfabet|m}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|аꙁъбоукꙑ|f}}, {{t|cu|азъбоукꙑ|f}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|азбукꙑ|f}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|stæfrof}}
* Old Norse: {{t|non|stafróf}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|qubee}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|абетӕ}}, {{t|os|алфавит}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|الفبې|f|tr=alefbé}}
* Pennsylvania German: {{t|pdc|Aa-Be-Ze}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|اَلِفْبا|tr=alefbâ}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|alfabet|m-in}}, {{t+|pl|abecadło|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|abc|m}}, {{t+|pt|abecê|m}}, {{t+|pt|á-bê-cê|m}}, {{t+|pt|alfabeto|m}}, {{t+|pt|abecedário|m}}
* Romani: {{t|rom|alfabéto|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|alfabet|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|алфави́т|m}}, {{t+|ru|а́збука|f}}
* Rusyn: {{t|rue|алфаві́т|m}}, {{t|rue|а́збука|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|अक्षरसमाम्नाय|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|aibidil|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|а̀збука|f}} {{qualifier|Cyrillic alphabet}}, {{t|sh|абеце́да|f}} {{qualifier|Roman alphabet}}, {{t|sh|алфа̀бе̄т|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|àzbuka|f}} {{qualifier|Cyrillic alphabet}}, {{t+|sh|abecéda|f}} {{qualifier|Roman alphabet}}, {{t+|sh|alfàbēt|m}}
* Skolt Sami: {{t|sms|alfabeʹtt}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|abeceda|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|abeceda|f}}
* Southern Sami: {{t|sma|alfabeete}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|alfabeto|m}}, {{t+|es|abecedario|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|alfabeti}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|ABC|n}}, {{t+|sv|alfabet|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|alpabeto}}, {{t+|tl|abakada}},
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|алифбо}}
* Tamil: {{t|ta|அகரவரிசை}}, {{t+|ta|நெடுங்கணக்கு}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|әлифба}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|అక్షరమాల}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ตัวอักษร}}, {{t+|th|อักษร}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ཀ་ཁ}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ፊደል}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|alfabe}}, {{t+|tr|abece}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|elipbiý}}
* Udi: {{t|udi|тӏетӏир}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|абе́тка|f}}, {{t+|uk|алфаві́т|m}}, {{t+|uk|а́збука|f}}, {{t|uk|альфабе́т|m}}, {{t+|uk|алфа́віт|m}} {{qualifier|alternative stress|rare}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|حَرُوفِ تَہَجی}}, {{t|ur|اَلِف با}}, {{t+|ur|اَبْجَد}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|ئالفابىت}}, {{t|ug|ئېلىپبە}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|alifbo}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|bảng chữ cái}}
* Vilamovian: {{t|wym|alfabet|n}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|lafab}}
* Võro: {{t|vro|tähistü}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|alfabet}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|gwyddor|f}}
* West Frisian: {{t+|fy|alfabet|n}}
* Winnebago: {{t|win|woowagax}}
* Yakut: {{t|sah|алфавит}}
* Yiddish: {{t+|yi|אַלף־בית|m|tr=alef-beys}} {{qualifier|Hebrew alphabet}}, {{t|yi|אַלפֿאַבעט|f}} {{qualifier|Latin alphabet}}, {{t|yi|גלחות|n|tr=galkhes}} {{qualifier|Latin alphabet}}, {{t|yi|אַזבוקע|f}} {{qualifier|Cyrillic alphabet}}
* Yup'ik: {{t|esu|igat}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-top| in computer science}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|alfabeto}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
{{col4|en
|abecedary
|abjad
|abugida
|script
|syllabary
|writing system
|orthography
}}
* [[Appendix:Hebrew alphabet]]
* [[Appendix:Macedonian alphabet]]
* [[Appendix:Swedish spelling alphabet]]
* [[:Category:Alphabets|Category:Alphabets]]

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|rare}} To [[designate]] by the [[letter]]s of the [[alphabet]]; to [[arrange]] alphabetically.

====Synonyms====
* {{l|en|alphabetize}}

====Further reading====
* {{pedia}}

[[Category:en:Alphabets]]
[[Category:en:Orthography]]

{{-fr-}}

{{-etim-|fr}}
<div>{{bor+|fr|LL.|alphabētum}}, from {{der|fr|grc|ἀλφάβητος}}, from {{m|grc|ἄλφα}} (Α,α) and {{m|grc|βῆτα}} (Β,β) (the first two letters of the [[Greek alphabet]]), from {{der|fr|phn|aleph}} {{m|phn|𐤀||ox}} and {{m|en|beth}} {{m|phn|𐤁||house}}, so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs <hiero>F1</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓃾}}) and <hiero>pr</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓉐}}).</div>

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-alphabet.ogg|Audio (France)}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ɛ}}
* {{homophones|fr|alphabets}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|alphabet}} {{gloss|set of letters considered as a group}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|alphabet latin}}
* {{l|fr|alphabet phonétique international}}
* {{l|fr|alphabet radio}}
* {{l|en|alphabetical language}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|fr|alphabète}}
* {{l|fr|alphabétique}}
* {{l|fr|alphabétiquement}}
* {{l|fr|inalphabète}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Middle French==

{{-etim-|mfr}}
<div>From {{inh|frm|LL.|alphabētum}}, from {{der|frm|grc|ἀλφάβητος}}, from {{m|grc|ἄλφα}} (Α,α) and {{m|grc|βῆτα}} (Β,β) (the first two letters of the [[Greek alphabet]]), from {{der|frm|phn|aleph}} {{m|phn|𐤀||ox}} and {{m|en|beth}} {{m|phn|𐤁||house}}, so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs <hiero>F1</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓃾}}) and <hiero>pr</hiero> ({{m|egy|𓉐}}).</div>

===Noun===
{{frm-noun|m}}

# [[#Енглески|alphabet]] {{gloss|set of letters considered as a group}}